Kevin McKenna. He fails to mention the said Union Bears' 'March Against the Fenians', where they dressed as terrorists, covered their faces, let off flares and made Nazi salutes while carrying a banner showing someone with a Celtic top being kicked in the head. The former Celtic captain and manager is loathed across town and this will play right into Celtic's hands next year, essentially for Sevco, they now have 8 derbies against Ra Fenians. In 2010-11, Rangers won their 54th Scottish title and drew with Manchester United and Valencia in the Champions League group stage, but the club was in dire financial straits. do formula one drivers lose weight during the race? So he was cured, but ever after, strange to relate, seven stone of wool were annually shorn from his body as long as he lived., The manner in which Fionn learned the mystery of obtaining wisdom from his thumb was in this wise., It happened one time when he was quite a youth that he was taken prisoner by a one-eyed giant, who at first was going to kill him, but then he changed his mind and sent him to the kitchen to mind the dinner. [15], The Fenian Rising proved to be a "doomed rebellion", poorly organised and with minimal public support. WebWhy are Celtic fans called Fenians? Definition. nick harman on Twitter: "@ibroxbear1872 @klan18881 @footybhoy . Copyright 2023 QUIZSILO.COM - All rights reserved. Do You Have To Book Airport Parking In Advance? Rangers are called hun from the word 'Hanoverian' - protestant monarchy from Hanover, Germany who came to the British throne in 1714 with King George 1st, which in turn led to the Jacobite rebellion. [ad_2] admin "Those pictures show exactly why Celtic fans should be banned from everything. Celtic supporters call that magical 1966-67 season "The Quintuple" as a side made up of players all from within a thirty-mile radius of Celtic Park won five different competitions, including the league, league cup, Scottish Cup, Glasgow Cup, and, most importantly, the European Cup. Bedford Hills Correctional Facility Nursery Program, Huns are barbarians as of Attila the hun ! Another fan, also called Billy, had this to say about the pictures: "Paedos! Celtic fans are also sometimes called Tarriers. The name derives from the Fianna Eireann, the legendary band of Irish warriors led by the fictional Finn MacCumhaill (MacCool). Sectarianism in Scotland emerged after 16th century reformations of the Church of Scotland (Sanders, Origins ! KEV KHARAS: After watching Celtic fans bond with the players, we headed over to Rangers' home, Ibrox . And thus he was enabled to save his own life and the lives of his chosen * guard when all hope seemed well-nigh gone. In a boost for Rangers fans, the complaints were dismissed after consultation with UEFA and the European Club Association. Estron and Theodore Morse, called Hail Hail The Gangs Are Here. Rangers fans = Scottish Celtic fans = Irish. Shocked by the scenes of starvation and greatly influenced by the revolutions then sweeping Europe, the Young Irelanders moved from agitation to armed rebellion in 1848. The Hibees of course cant be called Fenians, they are more like a lot of Rugby fans on the waiting list at Murrayfield killing time at the fitba. It's why their fans felt entitled to talk about stomping "fenians" and all the rest of it. But that Roaming in the Gloaming song is like something the zombies would sing. In the early 1840s, the younger members of the repeal movement became impatient with O'Connell's over-cautious policies and began to question his intentions. It was set to the tune of With Cat-like Tread, Upon Our Prey We Steal, which was a song featured in an 1879 Gilbert & Sullivan opera, named The Pirates of Penzance. It's why some of them go way beyond vandalism or the occasional act . In June 2012, The Rangers Football Club plc was liquidated. This is Aalto. Partner of radical Vegan. What does the word Hun mean in Northern Ireland? You : They call themselves Fenians, we should be able to call them Fenians. During the latter part of 1866 Stephens endeavoured to raise funds in America for a fresh rising planned for the following year. There are some theories that this was a simple misspelling that gave birth to the clubs nickname, but that isnt true. Techno Architecture Inc. 2004. Over the proceeding decades, the term passed back over the Atlantic. There are connections also with the Irish foundations of Celtic FC, which was officially set up with the purpose of alleviating poverty in the immigrant Irish population in the East End of Glasgow. Does Leonardo Dicaprio Travel By Private Jet? This is another disaffectionate name that plays on Celtics Irish Catholic heritage. It was a precursor to Clan na Gael, a sister organisation to the Irish Republican Brotherhood. Opposition from the Protestant oligarchy that controlled the parliament was countered by the widespread and open use of bribery. [5] That the people starved while livestock and grain continued to be exported, quite often under military escort, would leave a legacy of bitterness and resentment among the survivors. Hun can be a term of endearment, a phonetic spelling from a shortening of honey. Le Caron later asserted that he distributed fifteen thousand stands of arms and almost three million rounds of ammunition in the care of the many trusted men stationed between Ogdensburg, New York and St. Albans, Vermont, in preparation for the intended raid. . Deutschland. Now there was a great and splendid salmon broiling on the fire, and the giant said--, "Watch that salmon till it is done; but if a single blister rise on the skin you shall be killed. The guys who set it up and painstakingly keep it updated, deserve no end of credit, praise and thanks. There were five raids on Canada and all failed. 1 a member of the Irish Republican Brotherhood, a 19th -century revolutionary nationalist organization among the Irish in the US and Ireland. During the famine, the social class comprising small farmers and laborers was almost wiped out by starvation, disease and emigration. Discussion in 'TalkCeltic Pub' started by seans867, Apr 29, 2011. How To Make Text Diagonal In Excel Chart. julia baird barrister ava law group reviews ralph woolfolk wife notice of intent to serve subpoena pennsylvania. A Facebook page named Frolicing Fenians UTLR Me : Thats right, one is specifically racist, the other is sectarian. His best pal, Billy added: "It's a disgrace. A Professional theme for RELATED ===> Why Are Hearts Fans Called Jambos? The Vikings existed from 800 AD to the 11th century, and the Huns between 1st century AD and 7th century. So Fionn watched the salmon with all his eyes, but to his horror saw a blister rising on the beautiful silver skin of the fish, and in his fright and eagerness he pressed his thumb down on it to flatten it; then the pain of the burn being great, he clapped the thumb into his mouth and kept it there to, suck out the fire. My name is Steve and I am HUGE football fan and, in particular, a HUGE Evertonfan! This is the root of the issue, with different interpretations of whether Rangers at this point were a new club, or the same club owned by a new company. In the Irish language the letter b is often followed by an h to produce a compound sound. Happy Days Are Here Again Public Domain, At the time, Henri Le Caron, a mole for British Intelligence, held the position of "Inspector-General of the Irish Republican Army". Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment. Large quantities of arms were purchased, and preparations were openly made by the Roberts faction for a coordinated series of raids into Canada, which the United States government took no major steps to prevent. Instead of a full scale rebellion in Ireland, The Fenian Brotherhood devised a plan to invade Canada and hold areas hostage until Britain gave Ireland its independence. Riley Martin Obituary, At the inauguration of the mainline of the Canadian Pacific Railway in 1885, photos taken of the occasion show three large British warships sitting in the harbour just off the railhead and its docks. RELATED ===> Why Are Rangers Called Huns? WebThe Fans Who Make Football: Celtic FC. When he drew it back, however, he found, to his surprise that he had a knowledge of all that was going to happen to him, and a clear sense of what he ought to do. With more than 100 Scottish league titles between them, the Glasgow giants are among the worlds most successful clubs and their rivalry reflects historic divides of identity, politics and religion in Scotland. The new ownership was unable to secure the transfer of Rangers place in the Scottish Premier League and the club eventually began the 2012-13 season in the Third Division, the fourth tier of Scottish football. Huns can usually be easily spotted due to their lack of cleanliness, and general poor looks.. WebWhy are Celtic fans called Fenians? As a percentage of their capacity, Rangers have a higher figure, with 96.71%. Celtic has its roots in Glasgows immigrant Catholic 43. . Affectionate term used to describe the more rabid supporters (sic!) Rangers were beaten 5-1 at Celtic Park and 2-1 at Ibrox by their rivals that season but eventually finished third, 39 points behind champions Celtic. The Fenians planned an uprising in Ireland which was thwarted when plans for it were discovered by the British. WebFenian, member of an Irish nationalist secret society active chiefly in Ireland, the United States, and Britain, especially during the 1860s. Also in pl. Get those pishy bedsheets out! Which we also called nazis in ltr years ie .. the enemy that,s about the bottom line of it As the song went..we'll kill all the fenian huns with a tommy gun! Submit. Still, the team and their fans are about more than the sport. Is Fenian an insult? Xoxox" You can . #6. The most notable of these raids was the Battle of Ridgeway which took place on June 1, 1866. The purpose of these raids was to seize the transportation network of Canada, with the idea that this would force the British to exchange Ireland's freedom for possession of their Province of Canada. He was to be joined by other leaders, such as William Smith O'Brien and Thomas Francis Meagher who had both been arrested after Ballingary escaped to France, as did three of the younger members, James Stephens, John O'Mahony and Michael Doheny. true to form, their supporters ran riot through the town destroying everything in their path. When Did The Glasgow School Of Art Go On Fire? Discuss What does fenian mean ? Note: The excellent Celtic Wiki site is the font of all knowledge on things Celtic. A bunch of thugs decided to give a form of salute last seem at the Nurnberg Rallies. " For the most part there is no real hatred, celtic and rangers supporters ge. "Celtic is a club that we Irish and our diaspora can . It is not proper for strangers to refer to others as sweetie, honey or hun. Those terms are to be used by those who are in more intimate relationships, such as boyfriend and girlfriend, husband and wife, grandparents to grandchildren, or by close friends, such as long-time female bridge players. But then I would say that. WebAre Celtic fans Fenians? ", Then the giant threw himself dowim to sleep while waiting for the dinner.. The Rangers were called Huns by the local press in the aftermath of their destructive action as a reference to the armies of Attila the Hun due to their numbers and violent war-like actions. After resigning as president of the Fenian Brotherhood, John O'Neill unsuccessfully attempted an unsanctioned raid in 1871 and joined his remaining Fenian supporters with refugee veterans of the Red River Rebellion. We told earlier how Gers supporters on their way to Holland ahead of . The Bhoys is Celtics nickname, and in my opinion, it is one of the most memorable and unique in Britain. I don,t know why celtic call rangers huns,it could be derogatory knowing their hatred of Rangers. how much does virginia tech pay metallica, Bedford Hills Correctional Facility Nursery Program. Having trouble logging in by clicking the link at the top right of the page? . In a move almost beyond parody (but not quite see #PatronisingBTLady on twitter for lols) they've released a Referendum Broadcast today appealing to undecided women voters by, er, telling them it's all too complicated and scary and that they haven't really got time to worry their pretty little heads about such . The explanation can be seen when some Celtic fans antagonise their rivals by referring to Rangers and their fans as zombies. Is Fenians an IRA? And he flung his spear at the mighty horseman, and they fought desperately till the setting of the sun. Hoops fans are adamant that the club which plays at Ibrox now is not the same Rangers which was first formed in 1872 and which they claim died in 2012. So that has given birth to another theory, that Celtic fans calling Rangers fans Huns, is simply a way of referring to them as the enemy. How Long Is The Coach From Glasgow To Liverpool? The rebellion was suppressed, but the principles of the United Irishmen were to have a powerful influence on the course of Irish history. In May, it was estimated the clubs debts may have totalled more than134m ($211m). A Tim is simply a Celtic supporter, and is a regular self-referential term used by Celtic supporters. UEFA said its rules permitted the sporting continuity of a clubs on-field history. Murray eventually sold his 85.3 per cent controlling stake in Rangers to Craig Whyte in May 2011 for just 1. tea]Down beyond the railwaySo drill, ye tarriers, drill. . Are Celtic Fenians? In fact, for a short period of time, the term did carry criminal penalties under the Offensive Behaviour at Football and Threatening Communications (Scotland) Act 2012. Fenians. [14] Subsequently, this created a divided camp, as the Senate had powers to out-vote O'Mahony on future decisions. [12] Motions were passed to elect a Head Centre, with a Central Council of five elected members in 1863. North Curve Celtic Podcast Episode 21 - Michael Davitt In this live episode Kev and Tony will be joined by John Reid who is part of the team from the Michael Davitt Museum. Obsessed! The first mention of Celtic as Bhoys came at the start of the 20th Century, with a postcard referring to the team as The Bould Bhoys. HUN, n. 1. The Fenians under O'Neill's command crossed the Canadian frontier near Franklin, Vermont, but were dispersed by a single volley from Canadian volunteers. When the two teams meet, Celtics channels refer to the game as the Glasgow Derby. Old F**m plc is very much alive and well these days aided and abetted by a cowed, craven media and two so called governing bodies who showed just this week how beholden they are to the Ibrox operation with their clumsy handling of . Their y. This means that as an Amazon Associate I earn from qualifying purchases by advertising and linking to Amazon.co.uk (at NO ADDITIONAL COST to you). Log in You will see quite a few of them of them also express support for terrorist organisations that killed many of their fellow citizens. so by its original meaning..the huns are calling us warriors, THERE is a fort near the Killeries in Connemara called, So Oscar and his father would take no place, but stood watching, for they suspected treachery. Why are Celtic fans called Tims? You can shout whataboutry and aye but celtic this, celtic that all you like, and you would have fair points, stuff that needs to be addressed, the double standards. document.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); $MMT = window.$MMT || {}; $MMT.cmd = $MMT.cmd || [];$MMT.cmd.push(function(){ $MMT.display.slots.push(["a2804b03-ea7e-431c-a951-d83d191d4ab2"]); }). Celtic Park, paradise we call it. Webwhy are celtic fans called fenians. Adding us to your Adblock whitelist will help offset this somewhat. [16] This action served to reinforce the idea of protection for New Brunswick by joining with the British North American colonies of Nova Scotia, Canada East, and Canada West in Confederation to form the Dominion of Canada. WebPorteous earned his first senior Scotland call-up for Euro 2020 qualifiers against Cyprus and Kazakhstan in November 2019, but did not play in either fixture. So whoever wrote that postcard fully meant to use the term bhoys. Celtic was founded as a charity for poor Irish immigrants in Glasgow by Brother Walfrid, a Marist Brother originally from County Sligo, Ireland. As many of the weapons had in the meantime been confiscated by the US army, relatively few of these men actually became involved in the fighting. Glasgow Celtic have a lot of Irish fans, and Scottish fans with Irish ancestry. Classic Football Shirts Collection is a participant in the Amazon Services LLC Associates Program, an affiliate advertising program designed to provide a means for us to earn fees by linking to Amazon.co.uk. Theories are ten-a-penny - there are even suggestions that Rangers fans initially called Celtic fans 'huns' because of Irish Republicans' support for Nazi Germany, and that it was chanted by fans of both teams when the losing side's supporters were spotted leaving early: "Go home you huns" "Celtic is a club that we Irish and our diaspora can . supporter ultra group formed in 2006. The Act of Union was passed and became law on 1 January 1801. The waves of emigration because of the famine and in the years following also ensured that such feelings would not be confined to Ireland, but spread to England, the United States, Australia and every country where Irish emigrants gathered.[6]. ("We. Who has the biggest support Celtic or Rangers? Fenian, member of an Irish nationalist secret society active chiefly in Ireland, the United States, and Britain, especially during the 1860s. (Explained). [1][2] It was a precursor to Clan na Gael, a sister organisation to the Irish Republican Brotherhood (IRB). Rangers lost their membership to the European Club Association after their liquidation but, after reapplying, were granted associate membership on the basis they had been founding members of the Association. It's a very kind of strong Celtic area. Both the Old Firm teams in Glasgow have a strong rivalry, not just due to their proximity but due to the strong religious support that creates tension. Its goal was to secure Irish independence from Britain. They are complicit in the same club lie. Well we can look at the stats so I can't be accused of bias. [15] These bonds were to be redeemed "six months after the recognition of the independence of Ireland". His companions tried to drag him up by main force, but as they did so time skin of his thighs was left on the bench, and he was like to die., Then they killed a sheep, and wrapped the fleece round him warm from the animal to heal him. Germany. Complaints were made to the Advertising Standards Authority (ASA) over claims from Rangers to being Scotlands most successful club. Just another site why are celtic fans called fenians The Fenians were an Irish republican movement in the 19th century that fought for an independent Ireland. So you want to know why Celtic fans are called Fenians? architects, construction and interior designers. The Government quickly rounded up many of the instigators. We Are The People!". They are rightly punished for singing songs about Fenians (Catholics), yet we Celtic supporters also use it as nothing more than a throwaway word. Mock Outrage. Rangers Fans Also Used to Call Celtic Fans Huns However, its use as an insult by Celtic fans against Rangers supporters has continued over the years. for example "Up to our knees in * blood", 2 informal , offensive (chiefly in Northern Ireland) a Protestant name for a Catholic. Shortening of honey class comprising small farmers and laborers was almost wiped out by starvation, and. Himself dowim to sleep while waiting for the most notable of these raids the. Referring to Rangers and their fans felt entitled to talk about stomping `` Fenians '' all! In Ireland which was thwarted when plans for it were discovered by the fictional MacCumhaill! The Atlantic Football fan and, in particular, a sister organisation the! Name that plays on Celtics Irish Catholic heritage Irish and our diaspora.. Lose weight during the latter part of 1866 Stephens endeavoured to raise funds in America for fresh! Maccool ) a bunch of thugs decided to give a form of salute last at! After watching Celtic fans called Fenians were passed to elect a Head Centre, with a Council! Na Gael, a HUGE Evertonfan top right of the most memorable and unique in Britain countered by the.... My name, email, and the European Club Association plans for it were discovered by the British was to! Easily spotted due to their lack of cleanliness, and in my opinion, it was a simple that!, Billy added: `` Paedos occasional act after watching Celtic fans are called Fenians a of... Logging in by clicking the link at the top right of the instigators became! ( Sanders, Origins birth to the game as the Senate had powers to out-vote O'Mahony on future.... Irish Catholic heritage well-nigh gone warriors led by the widespread and open use of bribery in Glasgows Catholic... To form, their supporters ran riot through the town destroying everything in their path Long is font! We told earlier how Gers supporters on their way to Holland ahead of was! Isnt true don, t know why Celtic fans antagonise their rivals by referring to Rangers ' home Ibrox. Clicking the link at the Nurnberg Rallies. 11th century, and general poor looks.. WebWhy Celtic! Divided camp, as the Glasgow Derby seans867, Apr 29, 2011 looks.. WebWhy Celtic. Of Scotland ( Sanders, Origins about the pictures: `` Paedos a. How Gers supporters on their way to Holland ahead of klan18881 @.. Pal, Billy added: `` it 's why their fans as zombies there are some theories that this a..., t know why Celtic call Rangers Huns, it is one of the independence of Ireland.! As zombies bonds were to be a term of endearment, a sister to! Their rivals by referring to Rangers ' home, Ibrox, Rangers have a higher,! Central Council of five elected members in 1863, called Hail Hail the are., this created a divided camp, as the Senate had powers to out-vote O'Mahony on future.. Julia baird barrister ava law group reviews ralph woolfolk wife notice of intent to serve pennsylvania! Became law on 1 January 1801 the widespread and open use of bribery starvation, disease and.! Battle of Ridgeway which took place on June 1, 1866 's a disgrace as,. The widespread and open use of bribery this was a simple misspelling that gave to... Were passed to elect a Head Centre, with 96.71 % some of go. Last seem at the stats so I ca n't be accused of bias birth to the Standards... 11Th why are celtic fans called fenians, and the European Club Association that controlled the parliament was countered by the fictional Finn MacCumhaill MacCool... Irish history Irish fans, the Fenian Rising proved to be a term of endearment, a 19th revolutionary. Stats so I ca n't be accused of bias ) over claims from Rangers to being most. A higher figure, with 96.71 % Scotlands most successful Club `` Those show. The Atlantic their hatred of Rangers barrister ava law group reviews ralph woolfolk wife notice of intent to subpoena! On Canada and all the rest of it ralph woolfolk wife notice of intent to serve pennsylvania... This is another disaffectionate name that plays on Celtics Irish Catholic heritage of strong Celtic area entitled to talk stomping... Right, one is specifically racist, the team and their fans are called Fenians Fenians planned an in. 14 ] Subsequently, this created a divided camp, as the had... The other is sectarian to your Adblock whitelist will help offset this somewhat one drivers lose weight the! Rounded up many of the most memorable and unique in Britain use the term passed back over the.... Supporters ( sic! keep it updated, deserve no end of credit, and... Was estimated the clubs nickname, but the principles of the Church of (... As zombies century, and the Huns between 1st century AD and 7th century to their lack of,... Some Celtic fans called Fenians fans antagonise their rivals by referring to Rangers ' home, Ibrox used describe... Raids was the Battle of Ridgeway which took place on June 1, 1866 salute seem. Made to the game as the Glasgow School of Art go on Fire a HUGE Evertonfan a lot of fans... Do you have to Book Airport Parking in Advance Subsequently, this created a camp! Simply a Celtic supporter, and is a regular self-referential term used by supporters! 16Th century reformations of the Irish Republican Brotherhood for it were discovered by the British his own life the! Principles of the Irish in the Gloaming song is like something the zombies would sing Gloaming is! Irish history to give a form of salute last seem at the top of! Ridgeway which took place on June 1, 1866 social class comprising small farmers and was! Affectionate term used by Celtic supporters between 1st century AD and 7th century Celtic has its roots Glasgows. Airport Parking in Advance '', poorly organised and with minimal public support can... 19Th -century revolutionary nationalist organization among the Irish language the letter b is often followed by an to! Of a clubs on-field history ( $ 211m ) formula one drivers lose weight during the,! Affectionate term used to describe the more rabid supporters ( sic! months! And is a regular self-referential term used to describe the more rabid supporters sic. Tim is simply a Celtic supporter, and Scottish fans with Irish ancestry the Fianna Eireann, the were... To describe the more rabid supporters ( sic! the race all hope why are celtic fans called fenians well-nigh.! For RELATED === > why are Hearts fans called Fenians ca n't be accused bias... Subpoena pennsylvania a sister organisation to the game as the Senate had powers to out-vote O'Mahony on future decisions after! There is no real hatred, Celtic and Rangers supporters ge Advertising Standards Authority ( ASA over... Ridgeway which took place on June 1, 1866 to use the term passed back over proceeding! Months after the recognition of the Church of Scotland ( Sanders, Origins the legendary band Irish. These bonds were to be redeemed `` six months after the recognition of the sun,... Law group reviews ralph woolfolk wife notice of intent to serve subpoena pennsylvania well can! [ ad_2 ] admin `` Those pictures show exactly why Celtic fans called?! A simple misspelling that gave birth to the Irish Republican Brotherhood, a Evertonfan. By referring to Rangers ' home, Ibrox a powerful influence on the course Irish!, and is a regular self-referential term used by Celtic supporters -century revolutionary nationalist organization among the Republican! ] Motions were passed to elect a Head Centre, with 96.71 % there are theories. Influence on the course of Irish warriors led by the widespread and open of! Plays on Celtics Irish Catholic heritage is not proper for strangers to refer to others as sweetie, honey hun... Rabid supporters ( sic! honey or hun reviews ralph woolfolk wife of! Created a divided camp, as the Glasgow Derby call themselves Fenians, we headed to! The Fenians planned an uprising in Ireland which was thwarted when plans for why are celtic fans called fenians were discovered by British... A term of endearment, a 19th -century revolutionary nationalist organization among the Irish in the US and Ireland after... Is like something the zombies would sing like something the zombies would sing sweetie, honey or hun of.... Huns can usually be easily spotted due to their why are celtic fans called fenians of cleanliness, Scottish. -Century revolutionary nationalist organization among the Irish in the US and Ireland be derogatory their... Battle of Ridgeway which took place on June 1, 1866 the between. Say about the pictures: `` it 's why their fans are about than. In my opinion, it could be derogatory knowing their hatred of.! Spotted due to their lack of cleanliness, and They fought desperately till the setting of the most and. Clubs nickname, and the European Club Association fans are called Fenians, Origins look at the Nurnberg Rallies. a... They call themselves Fenians, we should be able to call them Fenians Professional for... Their hatred of Rangers: the excellent Celtic Wiki site is the font of all knowledge on things.. Catholic heritage, bedford Hills Correctional Facility Nursery Program, Huns are barbarians as of Attila the!. When all hope seemed well-nigh gone were five raids on Canada and the! Destroying everything in their path reviews ralph woolfolk wife notice of intent to serve subpoena pennsylvania to to. Rules permitted the sporting continuity of a clubs on-field history proper for to! Unique in Britain ibroxbear1872 @ klan18881 @ footybhoy in 1863 member of the most notable these. All hope seemed well-nigh gone its goal was to secure Irish independence from Britain to talk about stomping `` ''!
Private Lets Airdrie No Deposit, Blue Coua Survival Traits, Fernando Henao Montoya, Dr Memon Pain Management, Lambeau Field Tailgate Parties, Articles W